What is the difference between clinical and bench research?

What is the difference between clinical and bench research?
Usually when one refers to clinical research, it is the advanced research that occurs after the drug or device have been developed. A clinical trial in actuality tests what is individual developed on living patients in predetermined study groups in the past it is passed by the FDA.
Bench research refers to the research leading up to the nouns of the drug or device (Bench as in Laboratory bench). It is restrictive within that it doesn't allow for tests on human patients, and have to be extensive to show that no known injure will be done if/when it goes to clinical trials.
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